4. Combining Sensors with Electronic Components
This project aims to gain novel functionalities and improved characteristics by coupling potentiometric cells to electronic components such as capacitors and electrochromic display materials. The work follows two principal lines of thought. The first is to achieve a direct energy transfer to either achieve self-powered sensing devices or to otherwise harvest power from the measurement itself. Fundamentally this is realized by a so-called closed bipolar electrode arrangement in which a display unit or a capacitive element is placed in series with the potentiometric sensor to trigger a discrete charging event only during a transient time. The second approach aims to improve the sensitivity of potentiometric probes, which is traditionally is dictated by the Nernst equation. The project aims to overcome this limitation by allowing for a transient current to pass through the cell. The cell potential is held constant, typically to correspond to the value of the open circuit potential for a reference solution. A capacitive electronic component is placed in series with the sensing probe. Any potential change at the sensing probe results in a transient charging of the capacitor, which is recorded as a current peak. Such peaks can be easily identified, baseline corrected and integrated to give the final charge signal, resulting in a much improved sensitivity. This second research avenue was inspired by the group of Bobacka (Abo Akademi) who introduced the concept with capacitive conducting polymer layers.
Publications:
(1) Wu, Y. T.; Bakker, E. Direct Energy Transfer from a pH Glass Electrode to a Liquid Crystal Display. Anal Chem 2022, 94 (29), 10408-10414. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01557.(2) Sailapu, S. K.; Sabate, N.; Bakker, E. Self-Powered Potentiometric Sensors with Memory. ACS Sensors 2021, 6 (10), 3650-3656. DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01273.
(3) Kraikaew, P.; Sailapu, S. K.; Bakker, E. Electronic control of constant potential capacitive readout of ion-selective electrodes for high precision sensing. Sensor Actuat B-Chem 2021, 344. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130282.
(4) Jansod, S.; Bakker, E. Self-Powered Electrochromic Readout of Potentiometric pH Electrodes. Anal Chem 2021, 93 (9), 4263-4269. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05117.
(5) Sailapu, S. K.; Kraikaew, P.; Sabate, N.; Bakker, E. Self-Powered Potentiometric Sensor Transduction to a Capacitive Electronic Component for Later Readout. ACS Sensors 2020, 5 (9), 2909-2914. DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01284.
(6) Kraikaew, P.; Sailapu, S. K.; Bakker, E. Rapid Constant Potential Capacitive Measurements with Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes Coupled to Electronic Capacitor. Anal Chem 2020, 92 (20), 14174-14180. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03254.
(7) Kraikaew, P.; Jeanneret, S.; Soda, Y.; Cherubini, T.; Bakker, E. Ultrasensitive Seawater pH Measurement by Capacitive Readout of Potentiometric Sensors. ACS Sensors 2020, 5 (3), 650-654. DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00031.
(8) Kraikaew, P.; Bakker, E. Ultra-Sensitive Measurement of Ocean pH. Chimia 2020, 74 (12), 1021-1021. DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2020.1021.
(9) Jansod, S.; Cherubini, T.; Soda, Y.; Bakker, E. Optical Sensing with a Potentiometric Sensing Array by Prussian Blue Film Integrated Closed Bipolar Electrodes. Anal Chem 2020, 92 (13), 9138-9145. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01421.
(10) Jansod, S.; Bakker, E. Tunable Optical Sensing with PVC-Membrane-Based Ion-Selective Bipolar Electrodes. ACS Sensors 2019, 4 (4), 1008-1016. DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00179.
(11) Jansod, S.; Cuartero, M.; Cherubini, T.; Bakker, E. Colorimetric Readout for Potentiometric Sensors with Closed Bipolar Electrodes. Anal Chem 2018, 90 (11), 6376-6379. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01585.